Fibroblast is one of the most abundant cell types in the stroma. Fibroblasts arise from a mesenchymal origin and have an elongated spindle or star shape with numerous cytoplasmic protrusions. There is abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the cytoplasm. It has various functions and forms the basic framework of tissues and organs. Under homeostasis, this cell is responsible for maintaining the extracellular matrix (ECM). During stress, fibroblasts adapt to their environment and have the ability to respond and send local signals. At times of injury, fibroblast can transform phenotypes and synthesize the building blocks necessary to replace injured tissue. In pathological states, extracellular matrix is produced in excessive amounts and collagen is deposited unevenly, often resulting in irreversible organ dysfunction or disfigurement.

These cells produce a wide variety of products, including type I, III, and IV collagen, proteoglycans, fibronectin, laminins, glycosaminoglycans, metalloproteinases, and even prostaglandins. Synthesized cell secretions rearrange the ECM in the skin, lung, heart, kidney, liver, eye and other organs. Because fibroblasts can secrete and respond to both autocrine and paracrine signals, the ECM is in constant communication with surrounding cells. Rearrangement of the matrix by fibroblasts It occurs through the process of cleavage and cross-linking of enzymes produced in the blood, activated and regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Transcription growth factor-alpha and beta (TGF-A and TGF-B), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) all have effects on fibroblast regulation.

There is theoretical and practical training on fibroblast and fibroblast treatment.